Progressive Movement Practice Exam

What action was necessary to shift from the indirect to direct election of United States Senators?

1. Ratification of a constitutional amendment

2. Passage of a Federal law

3. A Supreme Court decision

4. A national referendum

The correct answer is: Ratification of a constitutional amendment

The shift from indirect to direct election of United States Senators was achieved through the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution. Prior to this amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures, which often led to corruption and a lack of accountability to the public. The 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913, established the direct election of Senators by the people, allowing voters to have a direct say in their representation at the federal level. This constitutional change was significant as it was seen as a way to enhance democracy and reduce corruption in the political process. By requiring a constitutional amendment to enact this change, the process ensured that there was a formal and rigorous deliberation concerning such a fundamental alteration in how the Senate operates. Other methods such as legislation or court decisions would not have been adequate to change the foundational structure set forth in the Constitution regarding Senate elections.